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List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
Within the North Atlantic ocean, the name of any significant tropical cyclone can be retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists by the World Meteorological Organization's Hurricane Committee, if it is felt that a storm is so deadly or damaging that the future use of its name would be inappropriate. The practice of retiring significant names was started in 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year. Initially the names were retired for ten years, after which time they might be reintroduced; however, in 1969, this policy was changed, and from then on names have been retired indefinitely. In 1977, the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration passed control of the naming lists to the Hurricane Committee, who decided that they would retire names at their annual session when required.
The deadliest storm to have its name retired was Hurricane Mitch, which caused over 10,000 fatalities when it struck Central America during October 1998, while the costliest storm was Hurricane Katrina, which caused over $108 billion in damage when it struck the U.S. Gulf Coast in August 2005. Since the formal start of naming during the 1947 Atlantic hurricane season, an average of one storm name has been retired each season, though many seasons (most recently 2014) have had no storm names retired. The most recent tropical cyclone to have its name retired was Hurricane Ingrid, which caused severe flooding in Mexico in September 2013.
==Background==
(詳細はUnited States Army Air Forces in private communications between weather centres and aircraft using the Phonetic alphabet. This practice continued until September 1950, when the names started to be used publicly after three hurricanes (Baker, Dog, Easy) had occurred simultaneously and caused confusion within the media and the public.〔 Over the next 2 years the public use of the phonetic alphabet to name systems continued before at the 1953 Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference it was decided to start using a new list of female names during that season, as a second phonetic alphabet had been developed.〔 During the active but mild 1953 Atlantic hurricane season, the names were readily used in the press with few objections recorded, as a result the same names were reused during the next year with only one change: Gilda for Gail. Over the next 6 years a new list of names was developed ahead of each season, before in 1960 forecasters developed four alphabetical sets and repeated them every four years. These new sets followed the example of the typhoon names and excluded names beginning with the letters Q, U, X, Y, and Z, and keeping them to female names only.〔
In 1955, it was decided to start retiring the names of significant tropical cyclones for ten years after which they might be reintroduced, with the names Carol and Edna reintroduced ahead of the 1965 and 1968 hurricane seasons respectively.〔 At the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference the naming lists were revised after it was decided that the names Carol, Edna and Hazel, would be permanently retired because of their importance to the research community.〔〔 It was also decided that any significant hurricane in the future would also be permanently retired.〔 Ahead of the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season, ten lists of hurricane names were inaugurated, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 1977 it was decided that the World Meteorological Organization's Hurricane Committee (WMO) would control the names used, who subsequently decided that six lists of names would be used in the Atlantic ocean from 1979 onwards with male names included.〔 Since 1979 the same six lists have been used by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC), with names of significant tropical cyclones retired from the lists permanently and replaced with new names as required at each year's hurricane committee meeting.〔 These days the name of a tropical cyclone may be retired or withdrawn from the list of names, if it acquires notoriety for various reasons including the amount of deaths or damages.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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